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Dilbilgisine ve cümle yapısına başlarken, bunu hiç İngilizce bilmiyenleri göz önüne alarak, ilk adımdan itibaren anlatmaya karar verdik.
İngilizce’de temel cümle yapısı “ÖZNE” ile başladığı için önce şahıs zamirleriyle başlamak istiyoruz. Bunlar aşağıda sıralanmışlardır:
I        (ben)
You         (sen)
He          (o – erkekler için)
She         (o – kadinlar için)
It        (o – hayvanlar ve cansizlar için)
We           (biz)
You        (siz)
They         (onlar)
Normal bir cümlede “Özne”den sonra fiil gelir. Fiiller; bir iş, bir oluşu bildirirlerken, bazı cümlelerde ise sadece durum bildirildiği için, cümlenin yapısını tamamlamak için (TO BE – olmak) fiilinin “am”, “is”, “are” şekilleri kullanılır. (Devamini Okuyun…)

TEST YOURSELF  1
 

 
1-    One of the nicest things about living in the mountains at this time of year was watching the sheep ………. to their winter pastures in the valley below.

A) having led       B) leading     C) to have led                     
D) to be led           E) being led
2-    They didn’t mind ………. another month in
order to buy a better car.

A) to wait         B) in waiting   C) for waiting
       D) waiting         E) to have waited (Devamini Okuyun…)

CHAPTER 19.  OTHER PRONOUNS
1. Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns may be used without antecedents. The indefinite pronouns in the following sentences are underlined.
e.g. One cannot believe everything one hears.
      I will try to think of something.
      Nobody will believe it!
      Is there anyone here by the name of Smith?

The following are examples of indefinite pronouns:

  one          
  anyone      anybody      anything
  everyone      everybody      everything
  [no one]      nobody      nothing
  someone      somebody      something (Devamini Okuyun…)

CHAPTER 17.  NOUNS INDICATING POSSESSION AND COMPOUND SUBJECTS
1. Ways in which possession is indicated

a. The ending ’s
One way in which English nouns indicate possession is by means of the ending ’s.
e.g. the boy’s hat
      Sally’s bicycle
In the above examples, the ending ’s indicates that the hat is possessed by the boy, and that the bicycle is possessed by Sally. The English ending ’s is related to the German possessive ending es.

The ending ’s is most often used with nouns referring to human beings or animals.
e.g. the child’s toy
      the bird’s song

Nouns formed from two or more words joined by hyphens indicate possession by adding ’s to the last word.
e.g. the runner-up’s score
      the sister-in-law’s children (Devamini Okuyun…)

CHAPTER 15.  PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS
1. The absence of a determiner before plural countable nouns

The absence of a determiner before plural countable nouns generally has the same significance as the presence of a or an before singular countable nouns.

a. Making a general statement
When used in general statements, plural countable nouns are usually not preceded by determiners. The plural countable nouns in the following general statements are underlined.
e.g. Musicians must practise a great deal.
      Newspapers can contain valuable information.
      Larches are conifers. (Devamini Okuyun…)