THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES
The Uses of the English Tenses
Type of Tense Type of Action Expressed
Simple – actions occurring at regular intervals
– general truths, or situations existing for a period of time
– non-continuous actions
Continuous – continuous, ongoing actions
Perfect – non-continuous actions completed before a certain time
Perfect Continuous – continuous, ongoing actions completed before a certain time
The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Active Voice
Tense Auxiliary Verb Form
Simple Present do/does * bare infinitive **
Present Continuous am/is/are present participle
Present Perfect have/has past participle
Present Perfect Continuous have/has been present participle
Simple Past did * bare infinitive ***
Past Continuous was/were present participle
Past Perfect had past participle
Past Perfect Continuous had been present participle
Simple Future will (shall) **** bare infinitive
Future Continuous will (shall) be present participle
Future Perfect will (shall) have past participle
Future Perfect Continuous will (shall) have been present participle
The Formation of the Subjunctive Mood of the Active Voice
Tense Auxiliary Verb Form
Simple Present do * bare infinitive
Present Continuous be present participle
Present Perfect have past participle
Present Perfect Continuous have been present participle
Simple Past did * bare infinitive ***
Past Continuous were present participle
Past Perfect had past participle
Past Perfect Continuous had been present participle
The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
Tense Auxiliary Verb Form
Simple Present am/is/are past participle
Present Continuous am/is/are being past participle
Present Perfect have/has been past participle
Present Perfect Continuous have/has been being past participle
Simple Past was/were past participle
Past Continuous was/were being past participle
Past Perfect had been past participle
Past Perfect Continuous had been being past participle
Simple Future will (shall) **** be past participle
Future Continuous will (shall) be being past participle
Future Perfect will (shall) have been past participle
Future Perfect Continuous will (shall) have been being past participle
The Formation of the Subjunctive Mood of the Passive Voice
Tense Auxiliary Verb Form
Simple Present be past participle
Present Continuous be being past participle
Present Perfect have been past participle
Present Perfect Continuous have been being past participle
Simple Past were past participle
Past Continuous were being past participle
Past Perfect had been past participle
Past Perfect Continuous had been being past participle
* In the Simple Present and Simple Past tenses of the Active Voice, the auxiliaries are used only for emphasis, and for the formation of questions and negative statements. Auxiliaries are never used with the Simple Present or Simple Past of the verb to be.
** When used without the auxiliary, the third person singular of the Simple Present, in the Indicative Mood of the Active Voice, has the ending s.
*** When used without the auxiliary, the Simple Past form of the verb is used. For regular verbs, and for many irregular verbs, the Simple Past has the same form as the past participle.
**** The other modal auxiliaries could, may, might, must, should and would form conjugations in the same way as will and shall.
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